Bengal Cat Health
Bengal cats, while generally healthy, can face certain health challenges. These include hereditary conditions, viral infections, and parasites. Responsible breeding, regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, and preventive measures are key to maintaining their health. Understanding these potential issues allows for early detection and management, helping ensure Bengals lead active, healthy lives.
Hereditary Conditions
Hereditary conditions are genetic disorders passed down from parents to offspring through DNA mutations. They can affect various aspects of a cat’s health and may appear at birth or later in life. While having a hereditary condition in the family increases risk, it doesn’t guarantee the development of the disorder. Genetic testing has made it possible to identify many of these conditions, aiding in efforts to reduce their prevalence in cat populations.
Common hereditary conditions In Bengal cats include:
Bengal Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA-b) is an inherited eye disease that causes gradual vision loss leading to blindness and is found only in Bengals and other related breeds such as the Savannah and Toyger. This autosomal recessive condition typically begins around 7 weeks of age, progressing until vision is severely compromised by about two years. Symptoms include dilated pupils, increased eye shine in low light, and difficulty navigating at night. While there is no cure for PRA-b, genetic testing can help breeders identify carriers and affected cats to reduce the incidence in the Bengal population.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: Wisdom Panel / Optimal Selection DNA
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PK-Def) is an inherited condition causing chronic hemolytic anemia in cats. This autosomal recessive disorder results from a mutation in the gene responsible for producing the enzyme pyruvate kinase. When this enzyme is deficient, red blood cells break down prematurely, leading to anemia. Symptoms may include lethargy, weakness, jaundice, and abdominal enlargement. Management strategies such as blood transfusions and supportive care can help affected cats. Genetic testing is available to identify affected cats and carriers, allowing breeders to make informed decisions to reduce the prevalence of this condition in Bengal cat breed.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: Wisdom Panel / Optimal Selection DNA
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is an inherited condition caused by a mutation in the PKD1 gene. This autosomal dominant disorder is primarily associated with Persian cats and related breeds rather than Bengals. PKD is characterized by multiple fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, progressively impairing kidney function. Although Bengals, when compared to the geral cat population, don’t have a highr risk of inheriting PKD it is still generally good practice for breeders to test for it.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: Wisdom Panel / Optimal Selection DNA
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) typically manifests between 5-7 years of age, affecting 10-15% of the cat population, with Bengals being on the higher end of average. Symptoms of HCM include labored breathing, lethargy, and sudden hind limb paralysis due to blood clots. There is no genetic HCM test for bengals, therefor Diagnosis relies primarily on echocardiography to measure heart wall thickness. Regular screening is crucial for early detection, as some cats may not show signs until the disease is advanced. While incurable, early detection and proper management can improve affected cats’ quality of life. Bengal breeders are advised to conduct annual heart screenings and make responsible breeding decisions to reduce HCM prevalence in the breed.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: a heart scan performed by a board-certified cardiologist every 18 months (At the present time, there is no genetic test for HCM for Bengals)
Viral Infections
Viral infections in cats are illnesses caused by viruses that invade and replicate within feline cells. These infections can affect various body systems and are spread through different routes of transmission. Symptoms vary depending on the specific virus and can range from mild to severe. vaccinations and regular checkups by a veterinarian prevent such infections in cats. Early detection and management are key to keeping these beautiful and energetic cats healthy and thriving.
Common Viral Infections In cats include: Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline Leukemia Virus Infection, Feline Infectious Peritonitis, Feline Herpesvirus Type 1
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a widespread infectious disease affecting cats. Similar to HIV in humans, FIV attacks the cat’s immune system, making them more susceptible to various infections and illnesses. Transmission primarily occurs through bite wounds from infected cats, with intact outdoor cats at highest risk. While incurable, FIV-positive cats can often live an additional 5 years after diagnosis with some living an additional 15 or more years. The disease progresses through acute, asymptomatic, and progressive phases, with symptoms potentially not appearing for years. Diagnosis is typically done through blood tests detecting antibodies to the virus. Prevention focuses on keeping cats indoors and away from potentially infected cats.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: Blood Test
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus which means it can integrate into a cat’s genome and remain there lifelong. Transmission occurs through close contact between cats, including mutual grooming, sharing food dishes, or bite wounds. FeLV suppresses the immune system, leading to various health issues, including cancers and blood disorders. While incurable, vaccination is available and recommended for at-risk cats. Most affected cats develop severe complications and live only 2.5 years post-diagnosis, though some FeLV-positive cats live for much longer. Regular veterinary care and monitoring are crucial for managing FeLV-positive cats.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: Blood Test
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is caused by certain strains of feline coronavirus. While most feline coronaviruses are relatively harmless, in about 10% of infected cats, the virus mutates and spreads throughout the body, leading to FIP. The disease presents in two forms: effusive (wet), with fluid buildup in body cavities, and non-effusive (dry), with inflammatory cell accumulation in organs. Most affected cats exhibit characteristics of both forms to some degree. Recent advancements in treatment, particularly the compound GS-441524, have brought new hope for this previously untreatable disease. However, diagnosis remains challenging due to the lack of specific tests and the similarity of symptoms to other illnesses.
* There is currently no test for FIP
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR) is a highly contagious upper respiratory disease caused by feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1). Symptoms include fever, sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and corneal ulcers. Most cats recover from initial infections but develop chronic rhinitis, becoming lifelong carriers with recurring symptoms during stress. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical signs, though PCR testing confirms virus presence. Treatment involves supportive care and sometimes antiviral medications for severe cases. Vaccination is recommended for at-risk cats but doesn’t provide complete protection.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: IDEXX Respiratory PCR Panel
Purevax Vaccinations
Purevax vaccines use a non-adjuvanted, recombinant formulation that protects cats without the additives found in traditional vaccines. While conventional vaccines contain adjuvants to enhance immune response, these chemicals can potentially cause inflammation or rare vaccine-associated sarcomas. The Purevax series provides protection against key feline diseases including rabies, distemper, calicivirus, rhinotracheitis, and leukemia. At Pet Perfect Bengals, we choose Purevax for all our cats and kittens as part of our comprehensive health program, ensuring they receive effective protection with minimal risk.
Parasites
A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside a host (eg. a Benga cat), relying on the host for survival and sustenance. These unwelcome inhabitants can take various forms and may reside in different parts of the body, often causing harm or discomfort to their host. Parasites in cats typically feed on the nutrients meant for the cat, potentially leading to a range of health issues. They can affect cats of all ages and lifestyles, though some cats may be more susceptible than others depending on their environment and habits. While many parasitic infections in cats are manageable with proper veterinary care, they can pose serious health risks if left untreated.
Common Parasites In cats include: Coccidiosis, Giardia, Tritrichomonas Foetus
Coccidia are intestinal parasites commonly infecting cats, particularly kittens aged 4-12 weeks. The parasite spreads through ingestion of oocysts in feces, with sporulation occurring within 6 hours to 10 days under suitable conditions. Infected cats may be asymptomatic, but severe cases can lead to potentially bloody diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, and abdominal discomfort. Diagnosis is typically made through fecal examination, with PCR being ideal due to the test sensitivity. Prevention focuses on maintaining excellent hygiene and proper sanitation to reduce oocyst contamination.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: IDEXX Diarrhea PCR Panel
Giardia is a microscopic single-celled parasite, that causes intestinal infections. Transmission occurs through the fecal-oral route, typically by ingesting contaminated water, food, or soil. In cats, Giardia can lead to symptoms such as bloody or mucous stool, chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and decreased appetite, though some infected cats may be asymptomatic. The parasite exists in two forms: fragile feeding trophozoites in the gut and hardy cysts shed in feces. Diagnosis often requires a fecal test, with PCR being ideal due to the test sensitivity. Treatment typically involves medications such as fenbendazole or metronidazole. Prevention and control require good hygiene practices, including regular litter box cleaning and limiting exposure to potentially contaminated sources.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: IDEXX Diarrhea PCR Panel
Tritrichomonas foetus is a single-celled, flagellated protozoan parasite that causes persistent diarrhea in cats. It primarily affects the large intestine, leading to colitis with symptoms including frequent passage of soft stools, often containing blood or mucus. While the infection can be persistent, affected cats generally maintain good overall health. Diagnosis is made through direct microscopic examination of feces, culture methods, or PCR testing, with PCR being the most sensitive. Treatment typically involves ronidazole, an antibiotic effective against Tritrichomonas foetus, though it must be used cautiously. The infection is generally self-limiting, with most cats eventually clearing the parasite on their own.
*Pet Perfect Bengals tests for this using: IDEXX Diarrhea PCR Panel
Bengal Cats and Anesthesia Sensitivity
Bengal cats may have unique responses to certain anesthetics, particularly ketamine.
This sensitivity can manifest as prolonged recovery times, excessive sedation, respiratory depression, and other complications.
Recommendations for Bengal Cat Owners
- Veterinary Experience: When possible, seek veterinarians experienced with Bengal cats.
- Pre-Anesthetic Screening: Request comprehensive blood work to evaluate organ function before procedures.
- Inform Your Veterinarian: Always notify your veterinarian that your cat is a Bengal and may have sensitivities to anesthetics, particularly ketamine before any procedure requiring anesthesia.
- Alternative Anesthetics: Discuss alternative protocols with your veterinarian. Propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane are often better tolerated by Bengals.
After Anesthesia
- Monitor your Bengal closely for 24-48 hours
- Watch for signs of delayed recovery or unusual behavior
- Maintain a quiet, comfortable recovery environment
- Contact your veterinarian immediately with concerns
